Monday, June 9, 2008
Monday, March 17, 2008
BURDWAN
Bardhaman (also Barddhaman; Bengali: বর্ধমান Bôrdhoman), is a city of West Bengal state in eastern India. It is the headquarters of Bardhaman District.
Bardhaman has been a district capital since the time of Mughals. Later on it became a district headquarters of British India. Burdwan is an alternative name for the city, which remains in use from the British period.
Geography
Barddhaman is located at 
Demographics
As of 2001 India censusGRIndia, Bardhaman had a population of 285,871. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bardhaman has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Name
Burdwan is an anglicised version of the Sanskrit Vardhamana and the corresponding Bôrdhoman in Bengali.
The origin of this name dates back to sixth century BCE and is ascribed to Vardhamanswami or Mahavira, the twenty-fourth Jain Tirthankar, who spent some time in Astikagrama, according to the Jain scripture of Kalpasutra. This place was renamed as Vardhamana in his honour.
A second view holds the literal meaning of the name, a prosperous and growing centre, to argue that this place represented a frontier colony of the progress of aryanisation through the upper Ganges River Valley. However, the Aryans failed to proceed further east. So, the name was retained.
The first epigraphic reference to the name of this place occurs in a 6th century AD copper-plate found in Mallasarul village under Galsi Police Station.
Archeological evidences suggest that this region, forming a major part of Radh Bengal, could be traced even back to 4000-2000 BCE.
Culture
Burdwan is a place of mixed culture. The deuls (temples of rekha type) found here are quite reminiscent of Buddhist architecture. The various mosques and tombs remind us of Muslim culture. The old temples bear signs of Hinduism, mostly belonging to the Sakta and Vaishnava community. The famous Sufi Pir Baharam's tomb is here. The controversy on Kankaleswari Kali of whether it originally belonged to the Jains or Tantriks indicates again the town's multifaceted heritage. Indeed, Burdwan had witnessed, experienced and withstood quite a few historical thunderstorms in the past, mainly due to the Mughal, Pashtun and Maratha intruders. The town of Bardhaman was visited at one time or another by many a notable of the Delhi Sultanate from Raja Todarmal to Daud Karnani, from Sher Afgan and Kutub-ud-din to Ajimuswan or the rebel Shah Jahan. The celebrated tombs of Sher Afgan and Kutub-ud-din lying side by side in this township relate to a classic love-story of Mihr-ul-Nissa and Jahangir that made Sher Afgan, the first husband of the great lady, a dead third person. The lady, who once lived here, later ruled India as Jahangir's wife for quite sometime, but with a new name Noor Jahan (Light of the World) commensurate with her beauty and culture.
History
During period of Jahangir this place was named Badh-e-dewan (district headquarters). The town owes its historical importance to being the headquarters of the Maharajas of Burdwan, the premier noblemen of lower Bengal, whose rent-roll was upwards of 300,000. Bardhaman Raj was founded in 1657 by Sangam Rai, of the Kapoor Khatri family of Kotli in Lahore, Punjab, whose descendants served in turn the Mughal Emperors and the British government. The great prosperity of the raj was due to the excellent management of Maharaja Mahtab Chand (d. 1879), whose loyalty to the government especially during the “Hul” (Santhal rebellion) of 1855-56 and the Indian rebellion of 1857 was rewarded with the grant of a coat of arms in 1868 and the right to a personal salute of 13 guns in 1877. Maharaja Bijai Chand Mahtab (b. 1881), who succeeded his adoptive father in 1888, earned great distinction by the courage with which he risked his life to save that of Sir Andrew Fraser, the lieutenant-governor of Bengal, on the occasion of the attempt to assassinate him made by Bengali malcontents on 7 November 1908.
Mahtab Chand Bahadur and later Bijoy Chand Mahtab struggled their best to make this region culturally, economically and ecologically healthier. The chief educational institution was the Burdwan Raj college, which was entirely supported out of the maharaja's estate. Sadhak Kamalakanta as composer of devotional songs and Kashiram Das as a poet and translator of the great Mahabharata were possibly the best products of such an endeavour. The society at large also continued to gain the fruits. We find, among others, the great rebellious poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and Kala-azar-famed U. N. Brahmachari as the relatively recent illustrious sons of this soil. The town became an important center of North-Indian classical music as well.
Places of interest
The famous Shrine of Sarvamangala, said to contain the remnant of Sati's body, the umbilicus, is situated here. Aside this, there are quite a number of temples and Sivalingams.
The Curzon Gate built in honour of the visit of Lord Curzon.
The palaces and gardens of the maharaja Golapbag.
Burdwan is a town of tanks. Several tanks are scattered here and there across the town. These caught the attention of Victor Jacquemont, a young French natural scientist, who visited this town in November 1829.
At Nawab Hat, some 2 mile distant, is a group of 108 Siva lingam temples built in 1788.
One must also know about a small village of burdhaman called "Panchkula" where Gajan-Festival is celebrated with huge passion during the month of May-June. For more Information log to Panchkula[1]
Shrine and Pir Bahram and Sher Afghan.
Barddhaman also have a planetarium named after India's emminent scietist Meghnad Saha. It is the second planetarium of the state after Kolkata's "Birla planetarium".
There is also a village called Arraha in the Bhatar Block where a very famous festival "Dharmarajer-Gajan" is celebrated.
On the Burdwan-Siuri NH ,there is famous 108 Shiva Temple located, here each year one week long festival is celebrated on the occasion of "Maha-Shivratri".
Food
Sitabhog and Mihidana are two famous sweets of Burdwan, introduced first in honour of the Raj family. Langcha from Shaktigarh is another local speciality.
The New Burdwan
Burdwan town, the heart of the district is also growing now. With an increasing number of people opting for better residential spaces and higher living standards. The Govt. of West Bengal is trying to bring in many new projects to facilitate the growth of Burdwan Township. Two large developments on a Public Private Partnership are coming up on the NH 2 connecting Kolkata and Delhi, on which Burdwan town lies. One of these is a Bus Terminus, with retail and other hospitality services. The other is a Mini Township at Goda, Burdwan. Also on the highway, this 250+ Acre mini township is being Developed by Bengal Shrachi Housing Dev. Ltd. It will revolutionise the way people see residential units in Burdwan. The Burdwan Development Authority is also playing a big role in these PPP projects.
In brief, the future for Burdwan looks extremely bright in terms of contemporary development.
Education
University
Burdwan University started on 15 June 1960, with Sukumar Sen, an ICS, as its first Vice-chancellor. It was after the abolition of the Zamindari system in the fifties that Uday Chand Mahtab, the last representative of the Burdwan Raj, showed his magnanimity in leaving almost his entire property of Burdwan at the disposal of the state government. This, coupled with the initiative of the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, facilitated the establishment of this university. Presently, the administrative works are mostly done at Rajbati (the palace of Barddhamana Maharaja) campus; on the other hand, academic activities center around the Golapbag campus mainly. With social responsibilities in mind, the university actively patronised the construction of a Science Centre and a Planetarium, named as Meghnad Saha Planetarium.
Schools
St. Xaviers School - ICSE and ISC
Burdwan Municipal High School - West Bengal Board
Burdwan Municipal Girls' High School - West Bengal Board
Burdwan CMS High School (Main), B. C. Road - West Bengal Board
Burdwan CMS High School (Morning), Golapbag - West Bengal Board
Raj Collegiate School - West Bengal Board
Ramkrishna Mission Saradapith - West Bengal Board
Holy Rock School - ICSE
East West Model School - ICSE and ISC
Bidyarthi Girls School
Bidyarthi Bhaban High School
Burdwan Rose Garten School
Kshetia High School
Colleges
Burdwan Medical College
Maharaj Bijoy Chand Institute of Engineering - Polytechnic College
University Institute of Technology - Engineering Degree College
University Law College
Maharaj Uday Chand Women's College
Burdwan Raj College
Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya
Burdwan Homoeopathic College
Politics
Bardhaman has two state assembly seats – Bardhaman North and Bardhaman South.
Pradip Tah of CPI (M) won the Bardhaman North seat defeating his nearest rival Deb Narayan Guha of AITC in the 2006 assembly elections. In 2001 and 1996, Nisith Adhikary of CPI (M) defeated Lakshmi Nayatan Nayek and Raimoni Das (both of INC) in the respective years. In 1991 and 1987, Benoy Krishna Chowdhury of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Ghosh and Santosh Saha Sikdar (both of INC) in the respective years. In 1987, Goswami Ramnarayan of CPI (M) defeated Lakshmi Narayan Rej of ICS. In 1977, Dwarka Nath Tah of CPI (M) won the seat defeating Sudhir Chandra Dawn of INC. [2] Kashinath Ta of INC won the seat in 1972. [3].Debabrata Dutta of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. [4] [5] Sahedullah of CPI (M) won the seat in 1967. [6] Prior to that thee was a single Bardhaman seat.
Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) won the Bradhaman South assembly seat in 2006 and 2001 state assembly elections defeating his nearest rivals Samir Kumar Roy and Paresh Chandra Sarkar (both of AITC) in the respective years. In 1996 and 1991, Shyamaprosad Bose of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and Shyamadas Banerjee (Both of INC) in respective years. In 1987, Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) defeated Pradip Bhattacharya of INC. In 1982 and 1977, Benoy Krishna Chowdhury of CPI (M) defeated Shyamadas Banerjee and Pradip Bhattacharya (both of INC) in the respective years. [7] Pradip Bhattacharya of INC won the seat in 1972. [8].Benoy Choudhuri of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. [9] [10] S.B.Chowdhury of INC won the seat in 1967. [11] Prior to that there was a single Bardhaman seat.
Radharani Mahtab of INC won the Bardhaman seat in 1962. [12] Benoy Choudhuri representing CPI won the seat in 1957 and 1952. [13] [14]
Nikhilananda Sar of CPI (M) won the Bardhaman (Lok Sabha constituency) in the 2004 general elections defeating his nearest rival Anindya Gopal Mitra of BJP. [15]
Bengali Brahmins
Bengali Brahmins are those Brahmins who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Bangladesh. When the British left India in 1947, carving out a separate nation (see partition) of East Pakistan (which became Bangladesh in 1971), a number of families moved to be within the borders of the newly defined secular Indian Republic, and continued to migrate for several decades thereafter.
Bengali Brahmins are generally well-educated, and a number of prominent figures of India belong to this community. They had leanings toward Shaktism and Tantra . Vārendra, for instance, meant rain-maker magicians[1]. Historically, they have been the standard bearers of Madhyadeshiya (the historic-cultural region of the upper Ganga-Yamuna doab which was the seat of Panch-Gauda brahmins) Indo-Aryan culture in Bengal. Panch-Gauda and Panch-Dravida are two chief divisions of Brahmins, as per the śloka from Rājatarangini of Kalhaṇa / Kalhana:
Meaning :(The-) Karnātakas, Tailangas, Dravidas, Mahārāshtrakās and Gurjaras; these five(-types who-) live south of Vindhya (- mountains) are (called-) "five Dravidas" (- brahmins); (whereas-) Sārasvatas, Kānyakubjas, Gaudas, Utkalas, and Maithilas, who live north of Vindhya (- mountains) are known as "five Gaudas" (-brahmins)[2].
Dorilāl Śarmā says that the 'Five Gaudas' mentioned above were settled in region around Indus (Sārasvata brahmins), Kannauj and its territories (Kānyakubja brahmins),Mithila (Maithil Brahmins)and Orissa (Utkala Brahmins); the fifth branch Gauda brahmins settleed in the remaining areas north of Vindhya mountains ,in two distinct regions (1)Haryana and adjacent districts of Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh, and (2) northern Kosala around ancient Śrāvasti; he quotes Matsya Purana (chapter-12, śloka 30) in which Śrāvasti is said to be seat of Gauda brahmins [3]. According to this view, South Bihar, Bengal, Assam, etc were not inhabited by any of the brahmins mentioned by Kalhana. Hence, at the time of Kalhana, Bengali brahmins had not emerged as a distinct branch of Panch-Gauda. But all Bengali brahmins are descendants of Panch-Gauda, excepting some Dākṣiṇātyas Vaidikas who came from South India originally but are now part and parcel of Bengali brahmins [4]. Gauda meant the region from western Uttar Pradesh to Rajasthan, but it was also used for Bengal in mediaeval age. Entire North India was also called Gauda country, which is the reason why five north Indian branches have received the common name Panch-Gauda [5].
History
A large scale migration of Brahmins from Kanyakubja region occurred during Pala and Sena periods. However historical evidence attests significant presence of Brahmins in Bengal since the Maurya period. The Jain Acharya Bhadrabahu, regarded to be the preceptor of Chandragupta Maurya is said to have been born in Brahmin family of Pundravardhana ( or Puṇḍra , the region north of Ganges and west of Brahmaputra in Bengal, later known as Vārendra). A copper-plate grant from the Gupta period found in the vicinity of Somapura mentions a Brahmin donating land to a Jain vihara at Vatagohali. Such evidences suggest Puṇḍra or Vārendra and regions west of Bhagirathi (called Radha in ancient age) to be seats of brahmins from ancient times; Rādhi and Varendra are still chief branches of Bengali brahmins settled in these regions [6]..
The three main divisions among Bengali brahmins are :
Rādhi from Radh (region south-west of Ganga).
Varendra, from Vārendra region (North-East) or Puṇḍra.
Vaidika (migrants, originally experts of Vedic knowledge).
Traditional accounts
The traditional accounts of the origin are given in texts termed Kulagranthas (e.g., Kuladīpīkā), composed around the 17th century. They mention a ruler named Ādiśūra who invited five Brahmins from Kanyakubja [7], so that he could conduct a yajña, because he could not find Vedic experts locally. Traditional texts mention that Ādiśūra was ancestor of Ballāl Sena from maternal side and five brahmins had been invited in AD 1077 [8].
Historians have located a ruler named Ādiśūra ruling in north Bihar, but not in Bengal [citations needed]. But Ballāl Sena and his predecessors ruled over both Bengal and Mithila (i.e., North Bihar). It is unlikely that the brahmins from Kānyakubja may have been invited to Mithila for performing a yajña, because Mithila was a strong base of brahmins since Vedic age [9].
Another account mentions a king Shyamal Varma who invited five Brahmins from Kānyakubja who became the progenitors of the Vaidika Brahmins. A third account refers to five brahmins being the ancestors of Vārendra brahmins as well. From similarity of titles (e.g., upādhyāya), the first account is most probable.
Divisions among Bengali Brahmins
The three main divisions of Bengali Brahmins are
(1) Rādhi from Radh , modern West Bengal south of Ganges.
(2) Varendra, from Varendra region (North-East)
(3) Vaidika
Other minor divisions are :
(4) Saptaśati
(5) Pirāli
(6) Patita
It is believed that the Brahmins of Bengal adapted kulinism from a similar hierarchical system used by the Brahmins of Mithilā, although Kānyakubja and more especially Saryupāriya were also highly scrupulous. The five original Brahmins belonged to five gotras : Śāndilya, Kāśyapa, Vatsa, Bhārdvāja, Sāvarṇa [10].
Both Brahmins and Kayasthas in Bengal have followed a system that ranks the clans hierarchically. The Kulinas formed the higher ranking clans.
Rādhi
Rādhi (also Rāṭhi in some old texts) is the major branch of Bengali brahmins . The descendants of these five Pancyājñika brahmins were hierarchically organised into three categories :
(1) Kulin comprised the most noble brahmins among these, who possessed all the nine qualities fixed by Ballāl Sena (nine qualities or "navadhā lula lakṣanam" were :āchāra, vinaya, vidyā, pratiṣṭhā, tirtha, darśana, karma, niṣṭhā, śreṣṭha-vritti, tapa, dāna) [11].
(2)Śrotriya is the second rank among the descendants of these five brahmins because they were deft in Vedic knowledge but were considered to be somewhat inferior to the Kulina brahmins (possessing 8 out of 9 noble qualities).
(3)Vamśaja is the third rank which was a result of kulinas marrying outside kulinas [12].
Major titles adopted by the high Rādhi brahmins :
Vandopādhyāya and its adaptation Banerjee
Mukhopādhyāya and its adaptation Mukherjee
Chattopādhyāya and its adaptation Chatterjee
Gangopādhyāya and its adaptation Ganguli / Ganguly
Jāti-Bhāṣkar mentions that those who were given grants along the Ganges by Ballāl Sena were called Gangopādhyāya (literally 'the Vedic teachers in the regions around the Ganges')[13].
Mukhopādhyāya means chief Vedic teacher. Vandopādhyāya is a Sanskritized form of 'Vanodha + upādhyāya' , Vanodha being the ancient name of Raebareli-Unnāva whence their ancestors had come from [14].
Vārendra
These brahmins also claim descent from five original brahmins, although four out of five names are different, and they are also hierarchically organised into three groups :
(1) Śri Kulin compring of Maitra, Lāhiri, Bāgachi, Bhāduri, Sānyal, etc.
(2) Śrotriya have Nanda, Bhato Shāstri, Karanja, Laduli, Navasi, etc.
(3) Kaṣṭa Kulin compride of 85 gains (villages given in grant by Sena kings).
Another intermediate order is called Kāpa(originally Kulin but negligent in duty) which is between first two.
Other famous titles of Vārendra brahmins are Bhattāchārya, Majumdāra, Rāi, Choudhary, Jovādāra, etc. There were many big landlords among Vārendra brahmins. Literally , Bhattāchārya meant 'experts of Vedic rituals'. Rāi and Choudhary were administrative titles.
Vaidikas
These are of two types :
Dākṣiṇātyas (coming from South India originally but now part and parcel of Bengali brahmins.
Pāschātyas, coming from western and northern India originally but now part of Bengali brahmins.
These were experts of Vaidika knowledge who were invited to Bengal in different ages, later than the original five brahmins from which Rādhi brahmins originated.
Saptaśati
Before the coming of Five Brahmins, there were 700 houses of brahmins in Bengal, but now they are few. They were less learned than the migrants and therefore were deprived of patronage. Some of them mixed with the immigrants, which explains their decline in relative population. Many Saptaśatis became priests of lower castes and were labelled as Agradāni and grahavipra. Main titles are Arath, Bālkhāvi, Jagāye, Pikhoori, Mulkajoori, Bhagāye, Gāi, etc.
Others
Pirāli : literally, boycotted brahmins. Some kulin brahmins mixed with muslims in eating and other activities and were therefore boycotted by the orthodox sections. Prominent among these were Thākurs, anglicised as Tagores. Thākurs literally meant lords and were big landowners.
Patita : Some Bengali brahmins were publicly declared to be fallen brahmins.
Chakraborty (Chakravarti) is essentially a kṣatriya title suitable for emperors adopted by some Bengali brahmins.
Another peculiar title is Chir Kori or Chir Koḍi.
Impact of British occupation
The kulinist system degenerated during the 18-19th century and is no longer popular. The British occupation of Bengal radically transformed the Bengali culture. Bengal has now gone through two century of missionary efforts and a quarter century of a Marxist government. Eastern Bengal became an Muslim majority region in mid-19th century which resulted in the first partition of Bengal in 1905, and then final partition in 1947. Although the interaction with the British resulting in what is termed the Bengal Renaissance, it altered the hold of traditional mainstream Hinduism in the region.
Naming conventions
Many Bengali Brahmin family names are written in two different ways. For example, Chattopadhyay (compound of village name "Chaṭṭa" and "upādhyāya" denoting "priest, teacher" originally granted with the village named Chaṭṭa) is the Sanskritized form of the local Prakrit word "chaturjye", anglicized to Chatterjee.
Similar analyses may be performed on Mukhurjye/Mukherjee/Mukhopādhyāya and Banurjye/Banerjee/Bandyopādhyāya. Bhattāchārya which is made by two words Bhatta and Achārya which means teacher also called as Bhattāchārjee. Tagore is the anglicized form of Thakur, meaning "lord". Other Bengali Brahmin family names are anglicized in particular ways that have become the standard English spellings over time. Other Bengali Brahmin surnames are Chakraborty, Sanyal, Ghoshal etc.
| History Of Bardhaman |
| Bardhaman also called Burdwan, or Barddhaman - a major communications centre located on the banks of the Damodar River, the town of Bardhaman is the district headquarters. It was named after the 24th Jain monk, Tirthankar Mahavir Bardhaman. During the Mughal rule, its name used to be Sharifabad. In the 17th-18th century, Krishnaram Ray, belonging to a merchant family from Punjab, established the zamindari of Bardhaman on a farman issued by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The Rays went on to rule Bardhaman till 1955. Various relics of Stone Age have been found in this district, and they are similar to the finds of the stone weapons and other relics discovered in Singhbhum, Purulia, Dhanbad and Bankura districts. This will suggest that portions of this entire zone had been in one and the same culture zone.The very name Bardhaman suggests a close association with Mahavira Bardha- man, the twenty-fourth and the last Jain Tirthankar (pathfinder). There is a theory that the name Bardhaman is based on the contact this area had with Mahavira Bardhaman and Jainism. Incidentally the handover treaty of the three villages of Sutanuti, Gobindapur and Kolkata were signed between the East India Company and the Mughals at Bardhaman. Later the East India Company went on to rule India. These three villages grew up to today's Kolkata or Calcutta as it better known. |
Bardhaman (Burdwan/Barddhaman) district of West Bengal is spread over an area of 7024 sq. kms. The district lies between the Ajay and Bhagirathi or Hooghly rivers. It is bounded on the north by the Dumka of Bihar, Birbhum and Murshidabad districts, on the east by Nadia; on the south by Hooghly and Bankura, and on the west by Dhanbad district of Jharkhand. The natural boundaries formed by the rivers to the north, east and south are fairly constant and there have been no major changes over the period. Headquarter of the district is Bardhaman.
The district has a population of over 6.91 million (2001 census). Overall, there were 921 females per 1000 males. About 65% of the population was living in the rural area. The density of the population was 985 per sq. km. Bengali, and Hindi are the main language spoken in the district.
| District Profile |
| Area (Sq. Km.) | 7024 |
| Latitude | 23.53 o N, 22.56 o S |
| Longitude | 83.25 o E, 86.48 o E |
| Population (2001 census) | 6919698 |
| Male | 3602675 |
| Female | 3317023 |
| Density (per Sq. Km.) | 985 |
| Sex ratio (females/per 1000 males) | 921 |
| Sub Division | 6 |
| Police Station | 32 |
| Panchayat Samity | 31 |
| Gram Panchayat | 278 |
| Inhabitated Village | 2488 |
| Town | 51 |
| Corporation | 2 |
| Municipality | 9 |
| Assembly Constituencies | 26 |
| Parliamentary Constituencies | 4 |
| Affiliated Primary School | 3885 |
| 481 | |
| 178 | |
| 92 | |
| 1 | |
| 25 | |
| 1 | |
| Engineering College | 6 |
| Music College | 1 |
| B. Ed. | 1 |
| P.Ed. | 1 |
| Homeo Degree College | 2 |
| Technical & Engg. Institute | 40 |
| Teachers Training | 5 |
Main rivers of the district are Ajay. Bhagirathi or Hooghly, Damodar and Barakar. In the district 30,949 hectares of the total land are covered by forest. These forest areas are broadly classified into Reserved Forests, Protected forests and unclassified state forests and lands. The district Bardhaman has the pride of having over 194 coalmines within its jurisdiction. The coals are being mined in Raniganj Coalfield since the year 1800. There are vast reserves of superior non-coking and inferior quality coals in these areas. Raniganj coalfield also contains large reserves of iron ore occurring chiefly as nodules. Good quality fire clay occurs in the Barakar stage of the Raniganj coalfield. Besides, the fire clays, various other types of useful clays occur at several places in the Raniganj coalfield belt, of which, the pottery clays of the Ronei and the light coloured brick clays of Durgapur deserved special mention.
The district is well connected by rail and road. The district headquarter Bardhaman (Burdwan/Barddhaman) is connected by rail and road with Kolkata and other towns of West Bengal. The district headquarters and the subdivision headquarters Asansol—both are railway junctions. The main line of Eastern Railway traverses the district. The Grand Trunk Road passes through the district from Kolkata. The road traverses the district of 160 kilometers running parallel with the Eastern Railway main line.
The district Bardhaman (Burdwan/Barddhaman) is predominantly an agricultural district, which is properly known as the granary of West Bengal. Majority of the workers of the district depends on agriculture (i.e. cultivators and agricultural labors). The principal commodity for trade in the district is rice. Rice is exported from the district to other districts of the state and neighboring countries.
The district has a very good network of Irrigation facilities. The main sources of irrigation are Government canals, tanks, wells and tube wells. The Mayurakshi canals—a major irrigation project, covered an area of 15081 hectares in the district. 254657 hectares of land are irrigated by Damodar Valley Barrage—another major irrigation project of the state.
The Asansol subdivision of the district is one of the major industrial regions in the state of West Bengal. The most important of which is Durgapur, which has been built up as an industrial complex of the state. A large number of large sized industries have come up in the Durgapur township. Besides, three important steel works are found at Kulu, Hirapur and Burnpur. Likewise, locomotive works at Chittaranjan, a big aluminum works at J.K. Nagar, a large paper mill at Raniganj are the important industries that deserve mention.
The number of Higher Secondary/PUC institutions per ten thousand population in the urban area is 0.65. The highest number of such institutions per ten thousand population comes to 1.49 in Chak Bankola while the lowest is in Kulti with 0.24. The number of Secondary school per ten thousand population for the entire district is 1.05. The district figures for Junior Secondary/Middle and Primary institutions per ten thousand population in the urban sectors of the district are 1.35 and 4.17 respectively.
Of the 49 towns of the district, only 19 towns have the privilege of having the medical institutions with bed. Number of beds in medical institutions per 1000 population comes to 3.42 at the district level. Town wise, the highest number of beds per 1000 population is noticed in Burnpur town (14.69). The second position in respect of the beds in medical institutions goes to Burdwan (3.76).
http://www.bardhaman.com/
108 Durga Names
Goddess Durga is one of the most powerful of Hindu Goddess. Known as Durga, Devi, Mata and many others. There are different forms of this powerful Goddess. Each name of Goddess Durga has a significance of its own with some or the other legend following it.Here are the 108 names of Goddess Durga with the meaning of each one of them. Goddess Durga comes in different forms and each name makes the Goddess appear in a different form. As the occasion of Durga Puja comes along, let's offer our prayers to this powerful and magnificient Goddess.
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*#746025625# (*#SIM0CLOCK#)
Revealing the Headphone and Car-Kit menus
Please note that if you do these next tricks, the new menus can't be erased without retoring the factory default settings. To do these tricks you need to short-circuit the pins on the bottom of the phone next to where you plug in you charger.
1. To activate the "Headset" menu, you need to short-circuit pins "3" and "4". After a short time the word "Headset" will be shown in the display. Menu 3-6 is now enabled.
2. To activate the "Car" menu, you need to short-circuit pins "4" and "5". After a short time the word "Car" will be shown in the display. Menu 3-7 is now enabled.
THE REBOOT TRICK
This should work on all software versions of the 6110.
1. Go to the Calendar (Menu-8)
2. Make a note or reminder.
3. Enter some text into the edit box.
4. Hold "Clear" until the whole text is cleared, then press "Back".
5. Press "0". The main screen will now be showing but a space appears on the screen. (you can't see it)
6. Enter 4 digits (e.g. 1234).
7. Use the down arrow to move the cursor to the left side of the numbers and the space (Down arrow twice).
8. Now enter 6 digits and press the call button.
Wait for a few seconds, the screen should start to flash and reboots. It should alsowork on other menus like the "Profiles" menu.
EFR CALL QUALITY
To activate EFR (Enhanced Full Rate) Enter the code-
*3370#
This improves call quality but decreases batterylife by about 5%
To deactivate it, Enter the code-
#3370#
THE JAMES BOND TRICK
If you short-circuit theleft middle and right pins on the bottom of the phone with all connections touching each other, the Nokia software hangs! The profile "Headset" will be activated. Before you do this just activate the "Automatic Answer" in the headset profile and set the ringing volume to "Mute". Now you can use your phone for checking out what people are talking about in a room. Just place it under a table in a room and call it. The phone receives the call without ringing and you can listen to what people are saying.
NETWORK MONITOR
There is a hidden menu inside your Nokia phone. If you want to activate it, you'll have to re-program some chips inside of your phone.
Check your software version. You can only continue if you have v4.33, v4.73 or v5.24.
Take apart the phone.
De-solder the EEPROM (ATMEL AT 24C64).
Read out the data with an EEPROM programmer and save it to a file (Backup).
If you have v.33 or v4.73, change the address "03B8" from "00" to "FF".
If you have v5.24 then change the address "0378" from "00" to "FF".
Write the new data to the EEPROM and solder it back to the phone,
Power on your phone and you should have "Netmonitor" enabled.
The Network Monitor gives you the following information.
Carrier number
MS RX Level in DBM
Received signal quality
MS TX power level
C1 (Path loss criterion, used for cell selection and reselection). The range is -99 to 99.
RTL (Radio link timeout).
Timeslot
Indication of the transmitter status
Information on the Network parameters.
TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity).
Cell identification (Cell ID, Number of cells being used).
MCC (Mobile country code)
MCN (Mobile network code)
LAC (Location area code)
Ciphering (On/Off)
Hopping (On/Off)
DTX (On/Off)
Discard cell barred information
CHECK SIM-LOCK
Note - If you bought your Nokia on UK Vodafone or UK Cellnet you do not need to check this because they both transmit on GSM900, and they don't lock the phones. However if you bought your phone on UK Orange or UK One2one your phone may be blocked. The reason is that they both transmitt on GSM1800. To make a call on GSM1800 you need what is known as a "Dual band" phone. A dual band phone is able to transmit on both GSM900 and GSM1800, so they lock the phones so you can't use it with any other network simcard. If you find that your phone is locked you can try different software to unlock it. (we havn't found one that works yet), or you can ask your service provider who will gladly exchange the 10 digit code for about £35.
This is how to check the status of the 4 different locks. Aslo don't try entering the wrong number, because after 3 times it will block the phone for good.
There are 4 different locks on your Nokia phone.
COUNTRY-LOCK
NETWORK-LOCK
PROVIDER-LOCK
SIMCARD-LOCK
The code to read out the sim-lock status of your phone is
#PW+(MASTERCODE)+(Y)#
# = DOUBLE-CROSS
W = PRESS "*" THREE TIMES
P = PRESS "*" FOUR TIMES
+ = PRESS "*" TWO TIMES
MASTERCODE = 1234567890
Y = NUMBER 1 TO 4
The master code is a secret code. The code has 10 digits, To read out the sim-lock status you can enter every combination you want!
"Y" Shows the status of the network-lock. Here you can enter a number from "1" to "4". The "4" is for the sim-card lock.
SIM-LOCK CHECKS
#PW+1234567890+1# = GIVES PROVIDER-LOCK STATUS
#PW+1234567890+2# = GIVES NETWORK-LOCK STATUS
#PW+1234567890+3# = GIVES COUNTRY-LOCK STATUS
#PW+1234567890+4# = GIVES SIM-CARD-LOCK STATUS.
Mobile Secret Codes
NOKIA
* Use at Own Risk
| CODE | FUNCTION PERFORMED |
| *3370# | This Nokia code activates Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) - Your Nokia cell phone uses the best sound quality but talk time is reduced my approx. 5% |
| #3370# | Deactivate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) |
| *#4720# | Activate Half Rate Codec - Your phone uses a lower quality sound but you should gain approx 30% more Talk Time |
| *#4720# | With this Nokia code you can deactivate the Half Rate Codec |
| *#0000# | Displays your phones software version, 1st Line : Software Version, 2nd Line : Software Release Date, 3rd Line : Compression Type |
| *#9999# | Phones software version if *#0000# does not work |
| *#06# | For checking the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI Number) |
| #pw+1234567890+1# | Provider Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols) |
| #pw+1234567890+2# | Network Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols) |
| #pw+1234567890+3# | Country Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols) |
| #pw+1234567890+4# | SIM Card Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols) |
| *#147# | This lets you know who called you last (Only vodofone) |
| *#1471# | Last call (Only vodofone) |
| *#21# | This phone code allows you to check the number that "All Calls" are diverted to |
| *#2640# | Displays phone security code in use |
| *#30# | Lets you see the private number |
| *#43# | Allows you to check the "Call Waiting" status of your cell phone. |
| *#61# | Allows you to check the number that "On No Reply" calls are diverted to |
| *#62# | Allows you to check the number that "Divert If Unreachable (no service)" calls are diverted to |
| *#67# | Allows you to check the number that "On Busy Calls" are diverted to |
| *#67705646# | Phone code that removes operator logo on 3310 & 3330 |
| *#73# | Reset phone timers and game scores |
| *#746025625# | Displays the SIM Clock status, if your phone supports this power saving feature "SIM Clock Stop Allowed", it means you will get the best standby time possible |
| *#7760# | Manufactures code |
| *#7780# | Restore factory settings |
| *#8110# | Software version for the nokia 8110 |
| *#92702689# | Displays - 1.Serial Number, 2.Date Made, 3.Purchase Date, 4.Date of last repair (0000 for no repairs), 5.Transfer User Data. To exit this mode you need to switch your phone off then on again |
| *#94870345123456789# | Deactivate the PWM-Mem |
| **21*number# | Turn on "All Calls" diverting to the phone number entered |
| **61*number# | Turn on "No Reply" diverting to the phone number entered |
| **67*number# | Turn on "On Busy" diverting to the phone number entered |
| 12345 | This is the default security code |
| press and hold # | Lets you switch between lines |
[Secret Codes for 3330] Imei Information :-
To view the imei number on this model simply type *#06#
Software version type *#0000#
*#170602112302# shows the SW version.
Service Provider Lock Information :-
Service Provider Lock Service Provider lock is the lock to your phone which is implement by your service provider e.g. Orange onto your sim card. The phone is usually locked to a certain SP but it can be unlocked allowing you access to other service providers that provide a better deal. The same effect can also be used by using a Dual sim, you could have two sim cards in one phone allowing you to switch between sims and SP 1. First sim = Orange 2. Second sim = One2One
Short Message Serivce Centre Numbers ( FREE SMS ):-
SMSC (Short Message Serivce Centre Numbers) SMS Centre number allow you to send free sms, by changing your message centre number like this:
1. Go to messages
2. Message Settings
3. Set 1
4. Message Centre Number
5. Then change the number to one from SMSC Number section (from SMSC #'s given below)
What does this do?
Instead of paying for your messages, you can alter a number in your phone to send to a different centre. This cannot charge you, and consequently you have free SMS!
How does it work?
When you send a text message, it is first transmitted to your network's routing centre, called the Short Message Service Centre, or SMSC. This SMSC is generally a telephone number, normally a memorable one- i.e. Orange's is 0973 100973. Here, it is sent to the recipient's network's SMSC, where it is then forwarded to their phone. The whole process takes only seconds, but the vital part is when it reaches your SMSC, because then it is forwarded, and you are charged according to your tariff. If you, however, change your SMSC number to one below, the network who forward the message will not know who you are, and consequently cannot charge you. Clever huh?
Does it always work?
No! It can take hours to find a number that hasn't been blocked by your network- they usually carry out checks monthly and bar any numbers known to be forwarding SMS. Also, I understand that Orange and all networks in Denmark have barred all numbers aside from their own- so it won't work with Orange or Danish networks.
ISDN Number :-
ISDN number For checking ISDN number enter *#92772689#
Warranty Menu To view the warranty menu enter *#92702689# [*#war0anty#]
1) shows the serial nr.
2) shows when the cel phone was made mmyy
3) shows when the cel. phone was purchased mmyy
4) shows how many times the cel. phone has been repaired.
5) makes you capebel of transferring user data if you have the gear for it
6) shows how many houres the phone has been on Warranty
Menu To view Warranty menu enter *#92702689# [*#war0anty#] Phone asks 'warranty code:' Press the following warranty code: 6232 (OK) : Displays the Month and Year of Manufacture (MMYY)
7332 (OK) : Displays the date of the last repairment - if found ('DATE NOT SAVED'...) 7832 (OK) : Displays (if found) the date where the phone was purchased ('DATE NOT SAVED'...)
9268 (OK) : Displays Serial Number
37832 (OK) : Set the Purchasing Date MMYY (Warning: You can only do this once - So be careful ...)
87267 (OK) : Transfers ALL phone numbers, pictures, sounds from one phone to another eg. if broken (via IRport.)
Sim Clock Stop :-
To view if sim clock can be stoped enter *#746025625# [*#sim0clock#] (Sim-clock-stop is a kind of standby mode which will save battery time) May not work with all firmware versions.
Enhanced Full Rate/Half Rate Enhanced Full Rate Codec :-
(EFR) For activation enter *#3370#
For deactivation enter *#3370*
Enhanced Full Rate Will give you much better sound quality when you enable it. The new Enhanced Full Rate CODEC adopted by GSM uses the ASELP (AlgebraicCode Excitation Linear Prediction) compression technology. This technology allows for much great voice quality in the same number of bits as the older Full Rate CODEC. The older technology was called LPC-RPE (Linear Prediction Coding with Regular Pulse Excitation). Both operate at 13 kilobits.(but you take up more space on the network, so they can charge you more) - Talk-time is reduced with about 5%
Half Rate Codec
For activation enter *#4720#
For deactivation enter *#4720* In all cases the phone will automatically restart.
Half Rate will give you bad soundquality, which gives the serviceprovider the opportunity to have more calls on the network, and you might get a lower charge from them. - Will give you 30% longer talk-time.
Imei Code :-
To View IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) enter *#06# Firmware Versions
Check To view the Firmware version enter *#170602112302#
Restore Factory Settings :-
To restore factory settings (Memory, language, counters not included) enter *#7780#
Manufacturer Information To view Week and Year of manufactureenter *#3283# [*# D A T E #] The last two digits are the year. If the year is 95, the first two digits are the month. For 96 the first two digits are the week of the year.
Firmware Version :-
To view the firmware version enter *#170602112302# or *#9999# On newer phones, the code has been changed to *#682371158412125#
SAMSUNG
Samsung Reset Codes
You can try these in case you downloaded corrupted or incompatible Java midlets or other media, which are causing problems with the phone.
*2767*JAVA# Java Reset and (Deletes all Java Midlets)
*2767*MEDIA# Reset Media (Deletes All Sounds and Pics)
*2767*WAP# Wap Reset
*2767*CUST# Reset Custom EEPR0M
*2767*FULL# Reset Full EEPR0M (Caution)
For example : *2767*JAVA# would be keyed in as *2767*5282#
Note : Not all codes will work with SGH-C100.
Other Samsung Codes
*#06# IMEI code
*#9998*4357# Help Menu
*#9998*5282# Java menu (GRPS/CSD settings for JAVA server)
*#9999#0# Monitor Mode
*#9999# or *#9998*9999# Software Version
*#8888# or *#9998*8888# Hardware Version
*#9998*746# or *#9998*0746# or *#0746# Sim Infos
*#9998*523# or *#9998*0523# or *#0523# Display Contrast
*#9998*842# or *#9998*0842# or *#0842# Vibration On (until you push OK)
*#9998*289# or *#9998*0289# or *#0289# Buzzer On (until you push OK)
*#9998*288# or *#9998*0288# or *#0288# Battery & Field Infos
*#9998*377# or *#9998*0377# Error log
*#9998*778# or *#9998*0778# or *#0778# Sim Service table
*#9998*782# show date and alarm clock
*#8999*638# show network information
*#9998*5646# change operator logo at startup
*#9998*76# production number
*#9998*968# view melody for alarm
*#9998*585# Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)
*#3243948# Digital Audio Interference Off
*#32436837# Digital Audio Interference On
SAMSUNG T100 SECRET CODES
*#06# -> Show IMEI
*#9999# -> Show Software Version
*#0001# -> Show Serial Parameters
*2767*3855# -> Full EEPROM Reset ( THIS CODE REMOVES SP-LOCK!!!! but
also
change IMEI to 447967-89-400044-0, you must use CHGIMEI to
restore it)
*2767*2878# -> Custom EEEPROM Reset
*#8999*228# -> Battery status (capacity, voltage, temperature)
*#8999*246# -> Program status
*#8999*289# -> Change Alarm Buzzer Frequency
*#8999*324# -> Debug screens
*#8999*364# -> Watchdog
*#8999*377# -> EEPROM Error Stack
*#8999*427# -> Trace Watchdog
*#8999*523# -> Change LCD contrast
*#8999*544# -> Jig detect
*#8999*636# -> Memory status
*#8999*746# -> SIM File Size
*#8999*778# -> SIM Service Table
*#8999*785# -> RTK (Run Time Kernel) errors
*#8999*786# -> Run, Last UP, Last DOWN
*#8999*837# -> Software Version
*#8999*842# -> Test Vibrator
*#8999*862# -> Vocoder Reg
*#8999*872# -> Diag
*#8999*947# -> Reset On Fatal Error
*#8999*999# -> Last/Chk
*#8999*9266# -> Yann debug screen (=Debug Screens?)
*#8999*9999# -> Software version
*0001*s*f*t# -> Changes serial parameters (s=?, f=0,1, t=0,1)
(incomplete)
*0002*?# -> unknown
*0003*?# -> unknown
SAMSUNG V200 SECRET CODES
v200 Unlock Code-> *2767*7822573738#
*#9324# Netmon (press the hangup key to exit)
*#9998*JAVA# Edit GPRS/ CSD settings (S100 Only)
*#9998*Help# Help screen/ List of codes
*#9998*LOGO# Change operator Logo
*#9998*RTC# RTC Display
*#9998*Bat# Battery Status
*#9998*Buz# Turns Buzzer ON
*#9998*Vib# Turns Vibrator ON
*#9998*LCD# LCD Contrast
*#9998*9999# Softwre Version
*#9998*8888# Hardware Version
*#9998*377# NVM Error Log (?????)
*#9998*NET# SIM Network ID
*#9998*778# SIM Serv. Table
*#9998*SIM# SIM Info
*#9998*PN# Production No.
*#9998*968# Reminder Tune
*#9998*NVM# Displays Non-Volitile Memory Status
*#9999*C# ???????????????????
*#06# Displays phones I**I No.
*#9998*2576# Forces SIM Error
*#9998*DEAD# Forces Phone Crash
*2767*MEDIA# Resets the medis on the phone (deletes all downloaded
pics/tones)
*2767*FULL# Resets the EEPRON *DANGEROUS*
*2767*CUST# Resets the Custom EEPRON
*2767*JAVA# Resets JAV downloads (deletes all downloaded midlits)
*2767*STACKRESET# Resets Stack
*2767*225RESET# ????????????????? * Dangerous *
*2767*WAP# Resets WAP Setting & Deletes Favorites
SAMSUNG A800 SECRET CODES
The universal unlock code is *2767*637# do this with out your sim in.
Copyright KOOL Web©2001
Input of all "indications" directly one behind the other - without "blanks" (these serve only the better overview).
| Code | Function/description/information |
| *# 06 # | Seriennummer/IMEI indicates (actually also a GSM is code - see further below) |
| *# 0000 # | SW version announcements (e.g. V3.42.1, 16-10-03, Nhl-10) |
| *# 2820 # | Bluetooth (BT) device address indicate. |
| xx # | Directory quick access (xx = storage location and afterwards lozenge e.g. 24 #) |
| A/from key | Short pressing for menu for switching between profiles |
| Menu key | Long pressing for "task manager" - switching between active programs (with "C" key programs can be terminated.) |
| Menu quick access | Over in the menu e.g. to point 3.1 arrive simply 31 enter (if the third symbol a file is opened is for these and then in it started the first Programm/Icon). |
| Autostart go around | When switching on of the Handys on to the pin inquiry the key "ABC" (pin) comes the whole time keeps pressed - this is to ignore (allegedly) the autoinitialization programs. |
| # | Do not switch between different lines (AS)... goes e.g. with Austrian ONE Handys (see nose cunning). I could not try out however also, since I did not have 2 lines on the SIM map. |
| 12345 | ... is according to standard set the Nokia nokia-Sicherheitscode. |
| 0000 | ... is according to standard those (with Vodafone windshield frame section) set 2te pin and that standard net code/password |
| 0 - for a long time press | If one the "0" in the main menue for a long time presses those homepage of the standard WAP connection is called. |
| Caution - starting from here the codes are "dangerous" It may damage your phone Only Experts can go for this codes... | |
| *#7370925538# | ... is to be deleted the code around the "wallet"! Input like normal telephone number (not in wallet code inquiry windows). |
| *# 7780 # | The "original attitudes" and telephone re-establishes is again started (an appropriate inquiry and it follow before must the sicherheitscode be entered).
Programs, calendars and contacts, etc. not changed... |
| *# 7370 # | Soft format: If the Handy (only telephone memory) formats, puts back the attitudes (see * to # 7780 #) and implements a software RESET. (however still another inquiry comes before.) |
| Green, * 3 | Hard format: If the Handy (only telephone memory) formats, puts back the attitudes (see * to # 7780 #) and implements a RESET. |
| Mixed | * # 92702689 #, then switch - system menu off (goes with me not) |
| SIM LOCK | Simlock status query: (use "*" the key over "p,w" and "+" indications to enter) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| GSM code | ... should function at each Handy - however Netz(betreiber)abhaengig are... and "harmless"... |
| SMS Tipps | To Tipps & cheat about SMS (with appropriate codes) are immediately in the FAQ list . |
| Mark more simply | To Tipps & cheat to the topic "mark" e.g. with SMS entrance. |
| Call number transmission | * 31 # - { CLIR - Calling LINE identification Restriction switches on for the general call number transmission } |
| Call bypasses (call Forwarding) |
|
| Knock/stops/parks/faults | Knocks is signaling a secondary call during a current discussion |
| Call barrier | Possible only if bypass of the service code is switched off.
|
| PIN ändern | ** 04 * [alte PIN] * [neue PIN] * [neue PIN wiederholen] # |
| Diverse Codes | Die folgenden Codes klappen nur in einigen (wenigen) Netzen/Netzbetreibern ... leider z.B. nicht im Vodafone D2 Netz (in Deutschland): |
How to change DESKTOP WALPAPER & OP LOGOS on Symbian Series 60 phones like Nokia 6600/7610/3650
If you want to change the "desktop wallpaper" you can go to Tools -> Settings -> Phone -> Standby Mode -> Background Image -> Click on "Yes" and then select the image you want to put as background.
If you want to put an image instead of the operator name (in the right corner, between the clock and the battery meter) you need a more complicated "trick":
- download and install eFileManager or SeleQ
- now go and create some folders in the phone under C:systemApps ... create the folder Phone, and under this one create the folder Oplogo
you should have this folder created:
C:systemAppsPhoneOplogo
- now you can put inside this folder (with eFileManger or SeleQ) the pictures you want to use as "operator logos"
- Click on image you want in Oplogo folder and scroll down to
- Click on SET AS OPERATOR LOGO
- Phone will reboot and new logo will be up
- Job done
- NOTE:
- size of these pics must be 97x25 pixel
Mine are .jpg.
I USE SELEQ.
| Tips and Tricks for Nokia Phones | |
| | If you have a Nokia phone, you probably want to know all the neat things you can do with it. Along with the tips and tricks, I'll also cover some of the known issues with the phone. This should save you having to ask. Note that some of the tips may apply to other Nokia phones than the models listed. These are simply the models on which I know that the tip applies. Last Updated: 19-Mar-2003 |
Volume Adjustment in Noisy Environments
Applies to: 6190, 6310i Updated: 19-Mar-2003
Quite a few Nokia models (beyond the two listed above) have a great feature that makes these phone much more useable in noisy environments (such as crowded shopping malls or while walking down a busy street). When the phone detects that you are in an especially noisy area it boosts the volume of the earpiece by upwards of 5 dB (this value is an educated guess). It doesn't even matter if you already have the phoned cranked up to full volume, as the level will still be boosted.
On recent tests I performed with the 6310i, the extent to which this feature worked was amply demonstrated. I stood on the Mavis bridge over Highway 403 in Mississauga during rush hour, which is a pretty noisy place to be. Just to speak with someone standing next to you, it would be necessary to raise your voice to the point of almost shouting. I then called 611 on Fido to listen to the front-end recordings. As many Fido users know, these recordings are not especially loud, and it is even worse in Mississauga, as that area is served by Nortel equipped sites, which are noticeable fainter than the Ericsson sites still found in many other places in Southern Ontario. Despite all that, the phone boosted the volume high enough that I could hear every word spoken without straining to do so.
Can I Change the Volume with Field Test Mode Activated?
Applies to: 6188, 6185, 6160, 6120 Added: 14-Mar-2000
At times it appears impossible to change the earpiece volume during a call if Field Test Mode is activated. Unlike the 6190, none of the other 61xx models have volume controls on the side. They instead rely on the cursor up/down buttons on the main keypad. When in Field Test Mode, pressing the up and down buttons merely moves the phone from one screen to another. However, there is a mechanism in the phone to switch it between adjusting the volume and moving through the Field Test screens.
This screwed me up when it first hit me, but I have now figured out how the mechanism works. If you find you cannot adjust the volume in a call with Field Test Mode activated, then do this: press a key, then press and hold the Clear soft key for a second or two. This will toggle the mode back and forth between volume and moving through screens.
Why does the 6185/6188 Signal Strength Meter Make no Sense?
Applies to: 6188, 6185
There are essentially two things that we can display on a signal strength meter. The first is RSSI, which is short for Received Signal Strength Indicator (or something like that). This is a simple measurement of the signal strength with no consideration given to noise or other problems that may plague the signal. For non-CDMA systems this is probably a reasonable measurement, even though noise does play a roll in diminishing the performance of all phones.
In CDMA however, signal strength alone does not necessarily tell us how good the call will be. How many of you have had poor audio using a CDMA phone when it shows a 2 or 3 bar signal? In this case the strong signal did not translate into good audio. Most companies choose to display the more traditional RSSI on their phones, since they obviously believe it makes more sense to the end user.
The second thing we can measure is the Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (or Ec/Io). This measurement essentially ignores the overall strength of the signal and instead concentrates on how much better the desired signal is to the noise that conspires to interfere with it. Nokia chose to use this method for its 61xx CDMA models.
With this in mind, it is therefore possible to observe a low meter reading in an area where you know the signal is strong, and get a high reading in an area where the signal is weak. This doesn't completely explain the weird behavior of the 6185/6188 meter, but I have a possible explanation for the sudden drops to no bars that it makes. When the 6185 changes to a different PN Offset at idle it drops the meter to zero until it can establish the new Ec/Io. I think Nokia will likely "fix" this in the future, while having the meter retain its old reading until the new one can be calculated. This won't give users heart attacks by making them think the signal has disappeared.
So is the use Ec/Io a good idea then? In my opinion: yes and no. The information it provides is far more relevant to the type of call you'll end up with than pure RSSI, but it is foreign to most cell phone users. So on one hand it gives us truly useful signal quality measurements, but at the same time it confuses the hell out of us when we see 2-bar readings while standing next to a cell site. It also fluctuates quite a bit over time, even when the phone remains stationary. I don't know if Nokia will change this in future firmware revisions, but much depends upon the public's overall reaction to this "strange" new idea.
Changing the Banner on Your Display
Applies to: 3390, 6190, 5190, 6188, 6185, 6160, 6120, 6310i
You can't change the banner on a GSM model per se, but you can do something even better. Many of Nokia's phones allow you to upload what is called an Operator Logo. This is a 14x72 pixel graphic image that takes the place of the network name of your screen. On phones without IR or Bluetooth, you'll need a data cable and a copy of some appropriate software such as LogoManager. Yes the 6310i can do this too, though I'm not sure why there appears to be any doubt over this.
Unfortunately, Operator Logos do not always work. It's never been completely clear why, but the blame seems to fall on certain SIM cards. Whether this is true or not, you may find that your phone doesn't display the graphic image even after you have followed the instructions to the letter.
The 3390 can receive Operator Logos over-the-air as SMS, and you also set what is known as a Screen Saver. This is a full screen graphic image that appears while your phone is "idling".
Changing the banner on your 6188 and 6185 phone is fairly simple. Do the following:
1) Type *3001#12345#
This will put your phone into programming mode, and you'll be presented with the programming menu.
2) Select "NAM1"
3) Scroll down to "Alpha Tag" and select that
4) Enter a new tag, then press OK
5) Power down the phone and power it back on again
NOTE: This apparently does not work on all of the newest 6188 models with firmware version 441. On some of these phones, there does not appear to be a way to modify the banner. If I find a way to do this, I will certainly pass it along. Your 441 phone may or may not have Alpha Tag menu item.
Changing the banner in the 6160 and 6120 is a little more complicated. I don't own either of these phones, so the following instructions are courtesy of Peter Tsang:
1) Type *3001#12345#
This will put your phone into programming mode, and you'll be presented with the programming menu.
2) Select "NAM1"
3) Select "PSID/RSID"
4) Select "P/RSID 1"
Note: Any of the P/RSIDs will work
5) Select "System Type" and set it to Private
6) Select "PSID/RSID" and set it to 1
7) Select "Connected System ID"
Note: Enter your System ID for Rogers, which is 16401 or 16423. If you don't know yours, ask your local dealer for it.
8) Select "Alpha Tag"
9) Enter a new tag, then press OK
10) Select "Operator Code (SO)" and set it to 2050
11) Select "Country Code" and set it to 302 for Canada. Sorry I don't know the code for the US.
12) Power down the phone and power it back on again
I don't know how much of that actually has to be done to change the tag, but unless I hear otherwise, I will assume that you must do each and every item as outlined.
Storing and Retrieving Phone Book Entries Numerically
Applies to: 6190
Some people just can't seem to get to used to the idea that Nokia phones allow only alphabetic access to the entries in the phone book. These people prefer to store all their phone book entries into a known location, and then to speed dial from that location. The following procedure outlines how you can set up your 6190 phone to work in just that manner.
The first thing you need to know is that the 6190 phone does allow you to randomly access the entries in the phone book. Just enter the location you want and then press the # key. So far so good, but how do you store entries into the locations you want? It may seem impossible, since the phone decides where new entries go. A little lateral thinking however, goes a long way here.
Step 1: Clear all your phone book entries. I know, this is a pain if you already have lots of them entered. However, this is a once-only thing, so you'll never have to perform this step again.
Step 2: Fill the phone with bogus entries, but name them strategically so they tell you where they are stored. I strongly recommend "zz" followed the location. The use of "zz" ensures that the bogus entries appear at the end of your alphabetically sorted names, but ahead of any of your special names beginning with non-alpha characters. You know which location the phone will store the entry, since it puts all new entries into memory from the first location on up. Start with zz1, then zz2, and so on to zz100.
Step 3: Edit the bogus entry at the location you want to use. For example, say you wanted to store Environment Canada's weather recording number at location 93 ("W", "E"). Find the bogus entry called zz93, then edit the name and number appropriately. When you are finished, choose the "Save" option (not the "Save New" option). To dial this phone book entry, press 9, 3, #, TALK.
Repeat step 3 any time you have a new entry to put in your phone book. To delete an entry, just edit it back to the bogus entry for the location.
Another 10 Speed Dial Numbers
Applies to: 6190
I like Nokia's idea of having the speed dial numbers on keys 2 through 8 re-assignable, but that doesn't really give all that many. There must be a way to get some more speed dial numbers that are easily accessible with just a few keystrokes. Further down this document you'll find out how to access your phone book by location (by entering the location number and then pressing the # key). If we could somehow FORCE a particular entry into locations 1 through 9, then we could dial them with just three keystrokes. For example, 1, #, TALK.
The 6190 always stores a new entry at the next available location, so once you have more than 10 entries in your phone book, you know those first 10 are already filled. Here is how you put what you want into any location in the phone that is already occupied. For our example, we will change the contents of location 5.
First recall the existing entry in location 5 by pressing 5#. This will display ONLY the phone number stored in this location. Figure out whose phone number this is, and make a note of it. Now recall that location by name and choose the edit option. Change the name and phone number to what you want stored in location 5. The new information will take the place of the old information in location 5. All that's left to do now is re-enter the phone book entry you have displaced. Do this in the normal way. We can now dial this new entry by simply pressing 5, #, TALK.
You can repeat this procedure for each of the memory locations you wish to "force" to a particular entry.
Meaningful Message Addresses
Applies to: All GSM Phones
As you may already know, voice mail notifications are sent as text messages. These messages are identified as coming from fake phone numbers that are 2- to 4-digits in length. Wouldn't it be nice to have more meaningful address tag for these messages, such as "Voice Mail" or "VM Notify". Well you can, and it's really quite easy.
Nokia phones match message return phone number with entries in your Phone Book. All you have do is create a phone book entry with the phone numbers equivalent to the odd digits that these message come from. When messages arrive from these internal locations, they will be displayed on your "Inbox" list as the names given to the associated Phone Book entry.
This idea also works with other odd addresses sent by the network.
Touch Tones During Conference Calls
Applies to: 6190, 5190, 3390
As you well know, you can send touch tones during a call by either pressing keys on your keypad, or by choosing the Touch Tones options to send from a stored Phone Book entry. During a Conference Call however, you CANNOT send touch tones. This is apparently a security feature of GSM to ensure that you don't unwittingly pass along secure information to other callers in the group.
All is not lost however, since GSM supports the ability to have a private conversation with one of your Conference parties. While in the secure domain of a private chat, you can once again send touch tones.
Easy Long Distance Dialing
Applies to: Most Nokia phones, but not the 6310i for some strange reason
If you're like me, you prefer to store all of your phone book entries without the 1 in front of them. This way you can always know if you are about to make a long distance call or not. The problem is, when you do want to call long distance it's a pain in the neck to add the 1 to the number. You could either type the number in fresh, or you recall the phone book entry and edit a 1 into the beginning of the number just before you press TALK. There must be an easier way!
Well there is. Locate the menu for editing a Calling Card. Scroll down to one of the two available calling card entries and press Options. Now choose Edit from the list, at which point you will be asked to enter your phone's security code. This will be 12345 if you haven't specifically changed it. You should now see "Dialing Sequence" on the display. Press select and scroll through the various options until you find one that reads:
Prefix
+ phone no.
+ card no.
Press Select again and enter "1" as your Prefix when prompted. Press OK, then enter an asterisk as your card number when prompted. Press OK again twice to save the changes. This should take you back to the "Dialing Sequence" display. Scroll down from that and you'll get to the "Card Name" screen. Press the select button and rename this card to something meaningful, such as "Add One".
Now step back to the Menu that listed your two option calling cards and the "None" selection. Your final step is to select this newly created calling card as your default. Make sure you have the right one selected, the press Options. Now choose the Select option from the result list (you'll have to enter you're phones security code once again). The phone will momentary display "Card Ready for Use".
Okay, now that you have created and selected your calling card feature, how do you use it? Simple, just select a phone number to dial using the same procedures as you have always used. When you press TALK though, hold it for a second or two and the phone will say:
Card Call...
If you look carefully, you'll see that a 1 has been added to the beginning of the phone number. Once the connection is made, the phone's screen will show:
Wait for tone,
then press OK
It says this because the feature we are using is expecting the front-end of a long distance dialing service. You don't' have to worry about this, so just press OK to clear this from the display, and then carry on with your phone call as usual.
Repeat Letters
Applies to: 6190, 5190, 3390, 6188, 6185, 6160, 6120
When entering text messages or phone book names, it may not be obvious how one goes about entering two letters on the same key. Sure, you could wait a couple of seconds for the cursor to return, but this really slows you down. Some people found that pressing the # key twice in a row (thus toggling from upper to lowercase and back again) did the trick. However, you can achieve the same result with just a single key press. Simple press the arrow up or arrow down key, then continue entering your letters. The only gotcha with this approach is that you must press this key before the usual time-out occurs and cursor re-appears.
Note that in the case of the 3390, this assumes you are using standard text entry and not Predictive Text Entry.
Quick Profile Changes
Applies to: Most Nokia Phones
As you already know, you can change profiles by selecting them using the Profiles menu option. You may also know that you press the power button and then select the profile you want from the resulting menu. However, you may not have known that you can select a profile even quicker than that. Just press the power button once, then hit key 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 (or 7 for the 3390). This will select the various profiles immediately. Power-2 is "Normal" and so on up the list. Power-1 turns the phone off instantly (no waiting).
Lots of Dates and Times
Applies to: Most Nokia Phones
As you may already know, the Nokia 61xx stores the last 10 numbers you dialed, the last 10 numbers you received calls from, and the last 10 calls you missed. However, the manual makes no mention of another rather nifty feature: the phone stores the last 5 dates and times for EACH of those 30 call log entries! Try calling your phone a three times in a row and don't bother answering the calls (thus putting these calls in the "Missed Calls" log). Try to space these calls by at least a minute so they will show as being received at different times. Now checked the Missed Calls log. You will find your home phone number in there only ONCE, so how can you tell when your three calls came in? Just ask the phone to display the date and time of the call, then press the cursor down (or up) button to scroll through the times it has stored for that number.
The 3390 and 5190 only support one date and time per entry.
Faster Voice Mail Access
Applies to: Most Nokia Phones
To access your voice mail you must dial a special number that is stored in the phone. To make life easy, Nokia automatically assigns the voice mail phone number to speed dial 1, so you only need to press and hold the 1 key, or press 1, followed by TALK. However, once you get through to your voice mail, you must enter your password and a pound sign manually. There are two ways you can automate this process. First, you can create a phone book entry called "Messages", and assign it to:
4168221123p5555#
where the "5555" is your password. The "p" is entered by pressing the star key three times in quick succession. This tells the Nokia phone to wait until the call is connected, then pause for 2 seconds before sending the remainder of the code as DTMF tones. This approach works great, but it still requires that you assign the "Message" phone book entries to one of your speed dial numbers, or you have to manually look up the number first.
There must be an easier way, and sure enough there is. Keep the "Messages" phone book entry you just created, but got to Menu 1-3-2 to reassign your voice mailbox number. Unlike the Nokia 2190, in which any characters other than valid digits were not allowed, Nokia phones allow you to enter control codes such the letter "p". You can therefore enter the 4168221123p5555# string as your voice mail number. Now when you press the 1 key, you not only dial into the voice mail, you also get your password dialed automatically too. The bonus for having the "Messages" phone book entry is that the phone identifies the voice mail number as belonging to that phone book entry, and it displays "Messages" as the last dialed phone number (instead of 416-822-1123).
Pre-stored Call Forwarding
Applies to: Most Nokia Phones
Although you can activate or de-activate call forwarding from the menu, you may have numbers to which you commonly forward your phone. Since all supported technologies use code sequences that you can type in from your keyboard, it is possible to create phone book entries that perform various types of call forwarding or unforwarding. For a complete list of codes for the 6190, see GSM Features. The codes for the other phones are DIFFERENT from those for the GSM phone. I do not have a list of other forwarding codes. Sorry.
To make these entries easier to find, put an underscore as the first character in their names. This sorts to the end of your phone book (but before those ones that begin with two less-than symbols). Now when you need to select from a group of call forwarding sequences, you need only press the arrow up key on your phone until you find the one your want. Then press TALK.
Funny Red Panel on Top
Applies to: 6190, 6188, 6185, 6160, 6120
You've all noticed that odd red panel at the top of the phone, and you have probably wondered what it's there for. Well, apparently all other versions of the non-North American 61xx series of GSM phones include an infrared port which allow you to talk to other 61xx phones, and to send messages to your computer or printer. Unfortunately, none of the North American phones has this port. I have personally checked, and the hardware just isn't there.
Just to make sure you are clear on this: THERE IS NO INFRARED HARDWARE UNDER THE RED COVER.
What's the Buzz
Applies to: 6190, 5190, and other models to a lesser degree
Many people have noticed that the 6190 and 5190 (and many of the other 61xx and 51xx series of phones sold in Europe) have a faint buzz that can be heard when you use the phone in very quiet environments. This buzz is actually the sound of the transmitted signal interfering with the audio circuits of the phone. The effects will be less noticeable when you are very close to a site, and more noticeable in weak signal areas. This is because the phone transmits with more power when it needs to, but not when it doesn't.
The sound isn't particularly objectionable, but its presence seems to be normal. If your version of the phone creates a buzz that is quite loud, then yours may be faulty. Otherwise don't be too concerned about it.
P.S. This is clearly a hardware problem, so a future firmware update is highly unlike to change anything in-so-much as the buzz is concerned.
The 3390 doesn't seem to suffer from this.
Ring Volume
Applies to: 6190, 6188, 6185, 6160, 6120
Many of your may have already noticed that the level 5 ring volume doesn't always seem to be any louder than level 4. This is because many of the ring tones on the phone use frequencies that the sounder cannot reproduce at high levels. There are however (in the case of the 6190, 6160, and 6120) 5 ring tones that do work properly at level 5, and they are "Mosquito", "City Bird", "Bee", "Chase", and "Etude". In the case of the 6188 and 6185 however, you have 6 tones that work properly at level 5, and they are "Mosquito", "Etude", "Chase", "Robo NIX", "Attraction", and "Polite", If you must use level 5 for any reason, I strongly recommend that you choose one of these rings. They will produce exceptionally loud sounds that can be heard over some of the worst background noise. NOTE: This problem CANNOT be fixed by a firmware upgrade. The only hope of changing this behavior is physically exchange the sounder in your phone with a different one.
Nokia Tips & Tricks
Some info in case u have a NOKIA Mobile...
1 Imagine ur cell battery is very low, u r expecting an
important call and u don't have a charger.
Nokia instrument comes with a reserve battery. To
activate,
key is "*3370#"
Ur cell will restart with this reserve and ur instrument
will show a 50% incerase in battery.
This reserve will get charged when u charge ur cell
next
time.
*3370# Activate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR)-Your phone
uses the best sound quality but talk time is reduced by approx.
5%
#3370# Deactivate Enhanced Full Rate Codec( EFR)
*#4720# Activate Half Rate Codec - Your phone uses a
lower
quality sound
but you should gain approx 30% more Talk Time
*#4720# Deactivate Half Rate Codec
2 *#0000# Displays your phones software version,
1st Line : Software Version,
2nd Line : Software Release Date,
3rd Line : Compression Type
3 *#9999# Phones software v ersion if *#0000# does not work
4 *#06# For checking the International Mobile Equipment
Identity
(IMEI Number)
5 #pw+1234567890+1# Provider Lock Status. (use the "*"
button
to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
6 #pw+1234567890+2# Network Lock Status. (use the "*" button
to
obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
7 #pw+1234567890+3# Country Lock Status. (use the "*" button
to
obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
8 #pw+1234567890+4# SIM Card Lock Status.(use the "*" button
to
obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
9 *#147# (vodafone) this lets you know who called you last
*#1471# Last call (Only vodofone)
10 *#21# Allows you to check the number that "All Calls" are
diverted To
11 *#2640# Displays security code in use
12 *#30# Lets you see the private number
13 *#43# Allows you to check the "Call Waiting" status of your
phone.
14 *#61# Allows you to check the number that "On No Reply"
calls
are diverted to
15 *#62# Allows you to check the number that "Divert If Unrea
chable(no service)" calls are diverted to
16 *#67# Allows you to check the number that "On Busy Calls"
are
diverted to
17 *#67705646#R emoves operator logo on 3310 & 3330
18 *#73# Reset phone timers and game scores
19 *#746025625# Displays the SIM Clock status, if your phone
supports this power saving feature "SIM Clock Stop Allowed", it
means you will get the best standby
time
possible
20 *#7760# Manufactures code
21 *#7780# Restorefa ctory settings
22 *#8110# Software version for the nokia 8110
23 *#92702689# (to rember *#WAR0ANTY#)
Displays -
1.Serial Number,
2.Date Made
3.Purchase Date,
4.Date of last repair (0000 for no
repairs),
5.Transfer User Data.
To exit this mode -you need to
switch
your phone off then on again
24 *#94870345123456789# Deactivate the PWM-Mem
25 **21*number# Turn on "All Calls" diverting to the phone
number
entered
26 **61*number# Turn on "No Reply" diverting to the phone
number
entered
27 **67*number# Turn on "On Busy" diverting to the phone number
entered
28 12345 This is the default security code press and hold #
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